is lindane a severe marine pollutant

Diarrhoea. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. 0000000736 00000 n 0000004014 00000 n %%EOF [7] (see also Regulatory History) Repeatedly, the FDA has concluded that lindane medications provide public health benefits at an acceptably low level of riska factor for all medications. Vomiting. During this time, the vast majority of lindane usemore than 99%has been for agricultural purposes and much of the safety and environmental concerns have related to this application. WebIn the case of marine pollutants also meeting the criteria for inclusion in another hazard class, all provisions of this subchapter relevant to any additional hazards continue to In the U.S., lindane medications are exclusively manufactured and distributed by Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, Inc. WebLindane is a persistent organic pollutant: it is relatively long-lived in the environment, it is transported long distances by natural processes like global distillation, and it can Routes of exposure [15] Central nervous system stimulation ranging from dizziness to seizures, has also been reported; however, serious effects, like seizures, have almost always resulted from oral ingestion or misuse of medication (e.g., repeated treatments or prolonged applications). [1] Alpha- and beta-HCH were used agriculturally in the U.S. in the form of technical-grade HCH until 1976 and are also produced as manufacturing by-products but are void of insecticidal properties and have little to no use. eCFR :: 49 CFR 171.4 -- Marine pollutants. Physical State; Appearance This substance is carcinogenic to humans. Reacts with bases. For example, a meta-analysis of studies looking at the association between occupational exposure to agricultural lindane and non-Hodgkins lymphona among U.S. farmers found that lindane was not a primary factor in the development of the disease. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance, chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus and protective gloves. Lindane The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. Lindane [7] [17] When used properly, lindane medications are safe and effective for the diseases they are approved. [4] Lindane has not been manufactured in the U.S. since the mid-1970s but continues to be imported and formulated for restricted use. Fresh air, rest. 0000050404 00000 n Remove contaminated clothes. Web( d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required ( 1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: ( i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or ( ii) A net Find out how LUMITOS supports you with online marketing. (4) On a package of limited quantity material marked in accordance with 172.315 of this part. This is the third severe geomagnetic storm (G4) since Solar Cycle 25 began in 2019. [4][5] This is not unlike other medications where the active ingredient has other non-healthcare applications. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink, but NOT if convulsions occur. <<77808EBE95D8C749B7A9AFF580CD8412>]>> [6] Molecular mass: 290.8 Fish, marine mammals and birds in the region are exposed to environmental pollutants, increasing the stress of the marine ecosystem. Lindane (-BHC) is an organochlorine insecticide that is classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP), and serious health problems can arise after Previous work showed that Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 degrades lindane and that, in the presence of the pesticide, United Nations Environment Programme - POPs Interpretation Response | PHMSA Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested. 0000003484 00000 n The authors concluded that "The California experience suggests elimination of pharmaceutical lindane produced environmental benefits, was associated with a reduction in reported unintentional exposures and did not adversely affect head lice and scabies treatment. [18] (see also Agricultural vs. Healthcare Applications) Inhalation risk WebLindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. Code of Federal Regulations Title 49. To explore the toxic effects of lindane and the underlying mechanisms of this toxicity, the animal model Caenorhabditis WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. %PDF-1.4 % Cyanobacteria are able to tolerate, and even metabolize, moderate doses of organochlorine pesticides, such as lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane), one of the most persistent and widely used in recent decades. [6] Most exposure of the general population to lindane results from agricultural uses and the intake of contaminated foods, such as produce, meats and milk. [25] In 2002, the EPA concluded that lindane agricultural products were eligible for re-registration given industry compliance with certain data and labeling requirements to mitigate occupational risks to workers. First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. In 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses of lindane, limited in recent years to pre-planting seed treatments. The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion. Further see Ingestion. (3) Except for transportation by vessel, on a bulk packaging, freight container or transport vehicle that bears a label or placard specified in subparts E or F of this part. (1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: (i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or, (ii) A net mass of 5 kg (11 pounds) or less for solids. Lindane [28] More specifically, the EPA conducted down-the-drain estimates of the amount of lindane reaching public water supplies from the use of lindane medications using data from California water treatment facilities, concluding that lindane levels from pharmaceutical sources were extremely low and not of concern.[5]. People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its contact with eyes, skin and via inhalation. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 does not support some functions on Chemie.DE. They are second line treatments, meaning they are prescribed only when first-line therapies have failed, cannot be tolerated or are otherwise contraindicated. WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER. 0 [1][19] The most common side effects with topical use of lindane medications are nonserious reactions of the skin, including burning, itching, dryness and rash. The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants considers the use of lindane in agriculture as largely redundant, with other, less toxic and less persistent pesticides. In 1987, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified lindane as a possible human carcinogen. (d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required -. [16] Only rarely have seizures and even more rarely fatal reactions been reported when lindane medications were used (presumably) according to directions.[7][11][12]. The companys promotion agreement with Alliant Pharmaceuticals, which commenced in 2005, was terminated May 2007. The substance may have effects on the nervous system, bone marrow and liver. Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. The company seeks damages and injunctive relief against all of the defendants. To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III, Prepared by an international group of experts on behalf of ILO and WHO, Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain, for example in fish and seafood. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and trichlorobenzenes (see ICSCs 0344, 1049 and 1222). WebLINDANE ICSC: 0053 IMPORTANT DATA PHYSICAL STATE; APPEARANCE: ODOURLESS, WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER CHEMICAL DANGERS: On contact with hot surfaces or flames this substance decomposes forming toxic and corrosive fumes including phosgene and hydrogen chloride. At the same time, a boxed warning was added to the prescription label to highlight to healthcare providers appropriate use criteria and rare treatment risks. [16] The vast majority (85%) of these reports488 totalwere classified as nonserious, while serious events most often resulted from product misuse (80% of serious cases). 0000006190 00000 n WebThe MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: Symbol (fish and tree): Black on Lindane DEA methoxycinnamate. Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. [7][11][12] [16] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Indeed, most of the adverse human health effects reported for lindane have related to agricultural uses and chronic, occupational exposure of seed treatment workers to agricultural-grade lindane. This requirement may be met by the marking displayed on a freight container or portable tank loaded on a motor vehicle or rail car. (Note: These events represent the most common reported to the FDA and do not represent the most common events associated with the use of lindane lotion and lindane shampoo overall). LINDANE A REVIEW OF TOXICITY AND Purpose Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (-, - and - (Lindane)) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a contemporary topic of global relevance. [23] However, more recent evaluations by subject matter experts do not support this rating. The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard; or. WebTherefore, if: (1) p-Dodecylphenol is a synonym to Dodecylphenol; and (2) the concentration of Dodecylphenol in the solution is at least one percent by weight, then the answer would be yes and "Lubrizol 9222R" would appear to be a marine pollutant. WebThe concentration addition model was applied to determine whether toxicity of two compounds, phenanthrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and lindane Where two or more components that make a material a marine pollutant are present, the names of at least two of the components most predominantly contributing to the marine pollutant designation must appear in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name. Effects of short-term exposure 0000057176 00000 n The study also documented a marked decrease in lindane wastewater contamination and lindane poisoning incidents reported to Poison Control Centers. However, lindane medications remain available in Canada for public health purposes as non-prescription therapies. Air pollution on the Front Range has gotten worse, EPA The direct causes of death for the other cases were attributed to reasons other than lindane. Lindane (Gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane) - US EPA If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. (a) For vessel transportation of each non-bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant -, (1) For a proper shipping name used to describe a hazardous material that is a marine pollutant and assigned the letter G in column (1) of the 172.101 hazardous materials table or that contains the text n.o.s., the name of the component which makes the material a marine pollutant must be marked on the package in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name unless the proper shipping name identifies by name the component which makes the material a marine pollutant. It also notes that careful consideration should be given before prescribing lindane medications to patients with conditions that may increase the risk of seizure, such as HIV infection, history of head trauma or a prior seizure, CNS tumor, the presence of severe hepatic cirrhosis, excessive use of alcohol, abrupt withdrawal from alcohol or sedatives, as well as concomitant use of medications known to lower seizure threshold. (1) Lindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA'sGreat Waters Programdue to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans and the environment. (2) Assessing Personal Exposure Lindane can be measured in the blood, urine, and semen of exposed individuals by gas chromatography.(1) UN Classification Lindane, Hexachlorocyclohexane (Technical Grade),

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